41. take precedence over … 居先于…;优先于…
e.g. This interest might take precedence over the historic value of an old
structure that stands in the way of a parking structure.
42. strike a balance among competing interest
43. serve as a substitute for …取代…
be superceded by 代替；取代
e.g. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend
to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options.
44. 源自于：
emerge from … （in every age and culture some worthwhile art and
literature emerges from the mediocrity.）
stemfrom… （prevailing attitudes about sexual morality stemfrom the
ideas of key religious leaders）
spring from… (this desire to identify oneself with an exclusive social
group seems to spring from some innate psychological need to define
one's self through one's personal associations.)
45. 坏影响；负面影响：
detrimental effects of … （In politics, the detrimental effects of
competition are blatant.）
negative/adverse effects on/to …
