134 say, speak
这两个词都表示“说”、“讲”的意思,但词义和使用场合不同。
Say指用语言发表思想或说明一件事,它着重于所说的内容;speak不着重于所说的内容,而着重于说话的能力。例如某人能说几国文字这个“说”字,在英语里应用speak,不用say。此外,speak还有一人说,其他人听的意味。
就词性而言,say既可作动词,又可作名词。如:You have no say.(你没有发言权)。 speak只能作动词,不可作名词。
下面请对比say和 speak的不同使用场合:
Say all that you know and say it without reserve.
知无不言,言无不尽。
Oliver Twist rose from the table, bowl in hand, said, "Please, sir, I want some more." (Oliver Twist)
奥利弗·特维斯脱站了起来,手里拿着碗,说道:“先生,请你再给我添一点。”
If anyone calls, say I am out.
如果有人找我,就说我不在家。
Better to do well than to say well.
说得漂亮不如做得出色。
Did you speak to them in French of German?
你是用法语还是德语和他们说话?
Mr. Su speaks at least five foreign languages.
苏先生至少能说五种外语。
请注意,当 speak用作不及物动词,其后接介词 of 时,它不作“说”解,而是表示“谈论”之意。如:
Newspapers in this territory are speaking of the rise in unemployment. The spokesman of the Government said unemployment hit an 11-year high.
本地各报都在谈论失业人数上升的问题。政府发言人称,去年失业率已达十一年来的最高峰。
但当 speaking of放在句首时,它则表示“谈到…”,“顺便一提”或“至于”之意。如:
Speaking of how to tackle unemployment, the spokesman said the Government will announce new measures.
谈到如何解决失业问题时,该发表人称,政府将会公布新的措施。
最后,请注意say在下列词语中的不同涵义:I say (请听我说);They say、People say、It is said(据说);Say your say(有话请说)。