高考英语词汇辨析:besides,except,but的用法区别

时间:2013-06-24 15:20:02

(单词翻译:单击)

  besides, except, but的用法区别

 
  1. 基本区别
  三者均可表示“除了”,但 besides 表示一种累加关系,意指“除了什么之外,还有…”;而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系,意指“除了什么之外,不再有…”:
  Besides his wife, his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外,他女儿也去看过他。
  You can park anywhere except [but] here. 只有这里不能停车。
  但是,在否定句中,besides 也表示“除…外不再有… ”,与but, except 同义:
  No one passed the exam besides [except] Jim. 除吉姆外,没一个人通过考试。
 
  2. 关于 but 与 except
  两者都可表示“除…外不再有…”,但含义上略有差别:but侧重指意义的几乎完整性,而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分:
  All are here but one. 除一个人外大家都到了。
  All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。
  另外,在现代英语中,but 的介词用法十分有限,一般说来,它只能用在下列词语之后:
  ① no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等
  ② any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等
  ③ every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等
  ④ all, none 等
  ⑤ who, what, where 等
  Everyone knows it but you. 除你之外大家都知道。
  I haven’t told anybody but you. 除你之外,我没告诉任何人。
  No one but he [him] showed much interest in it. 除他之外没有一个人对此有很大兴趣。
  但是 except 却没有以上限制:
  正:The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外,这扇窗户从不打开。
  误:The window is never opened but in summer.
 
  3. 关于 except 与 except for
  except 主要用来谈论同类的东西,而 except for 则主要用来谈论不同类的东西,有时含有惋惜之意:
  All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外,其他的作文都写得很好。
  His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错,只是有几处拼写错误。
  若用于句首,则 except for 与 except 同义(但 except 通常不用于句首,另外but也不能用于句首):
  Except for me, everyone passed the exam. 除了我之外,大家都通过了考试。
 

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